Contenidos
- ¿Qué son las técnicas de fertilización asistida?
- ¿Cuáles son las diferentes técnicas?
- Inseminación artificial o intrauterina (IUI)
- Fertilización in vitro (FIV)
- Transferencia de gametos en la trompa de Falopio (GIFT)
- Transferencia de embriones en la trompa de Falopio (ZIFT)
- Inyección intracitoplasmática de espermatozoides en óvulos (ICSI)
¿Qué son las técnicas de fertilización asistida?
Las técnicas de fertilización asistida son distintos procedimientos destinados a ayudar en forma artificial a que se produzca la fecundación y la implantación del huevo, para lograr de esta forma el embarazo deseado.
¿Cuáles son las diferentes técnicas?
Existen técnicas de menor complejidad y otras de mayor complejidad. La de menor complejidad es la inseminación artificial y las de mayor complejidad comprenden la fertilización in vitro (FIV), transferencia de gametos en la trompa de Falopio (GIFT), transferencia de embriones en la trompa de Falopio (ZIFT) y la inyección intracitoplasmática de espermatozoides en óvulos (ICSI). A continuación explicaremos cada una de ellas.
Inseminación artificial o intrauterina (IUI)
Intrauterine insemination
Es una técnica de menor complejidad donde el semen del varón (previamente tratado en el laboratorio para enriquecerlo) es inoculado directamente en el cuerpo del útero con una cánula. Previamente se estimula la ovulación de la mujer para incrementar las posibilidades de éxito. Más información…
Fertilización in vitro (FIV)
Los óvulos aspirados del ovario son enfrentados a espermatozoides en el laboratorio. El embrión resultante es colocado en el útero de la mujer previamente estimulado con hormonas. Más información…
Transferencia de gametos en la trompa de Falopio (GIFT)
Gamete intrafallopian transfer
Los óvulos son aspirados del ovario para luego ser enfrentados a los espermatozoides. Inmediatamente después son inyectados en la trompa de Falopio, lugar en que se produce la fecundación. Más información…
Transferencia de embriones en la trompa de Falopio (ZIFT)
Zygote intrafallopian transfer
Se procede de la misma forma que en el GIFT pero en este caso la fecundación es en el laboratorio y los embriones son inyectados posteriormente en la trompa de Falopio. Más información…
Inyección intracitoplasmática de espermatozoides en óvulos (ICSI)
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Técnicamente es similar al FIV pero aplicado a alteraciones masculinas. Los espermatozoides elegidos son inyectados uno a uno en los óvulos aspirados.
Las posibilidades de éxito de estas técnicas rondan el 40% y día a día se intenta mejorar esta cifra.
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